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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: 18. Shuttles, Oxaloacetate Can be reduced to Malate, Glycerol-3- Phosphate both Can cross inner membrane, Inner Mitochondrial Membrane is impermeable to many things so, issue becomes "How to keep thngs balanced", Metabolites including Oxaloacetate, Aspartate reversible Oxaloacetate, Use redox potentials as needed mechanisms Malate-Aspartate Shuttle, "How to keep thngs balanced" answer Use redox potentials as needed, Enz: Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase in cytosol Uses NAD/NADH, SHUTTLES important because Inner Mitochondrial Membrane is impermeable to many things, Enz: Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase reduced to Glycerol-3- Phosphate, Malate which can Cross the inner membrane, Enery difference ie. FADH2 worth 1.5 ATP, Inner Mitochondrial Membrane is impermeable to many things including Metabolites, Enz: AST (GOT) can undergo amino transferase to Aspartate, Enz: Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase oxidized to DHAP, DHAP reduced to Glycerol-3- Phosphate, Malate-Aspartate Shuttle involves Oxaloacetate, Cross the inner membrane and Can be reversed, Inner Mitochondrial Membrane is impermeable to many things including NADH, Aspartate which can Cross the inner membrane