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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: 8.3a Honest signalling overall, individuals can accurately assess each other's health through a morphologocial trait although the specific morphological trait of the dominant individual, birds with "carotenoid" coloration honestly signal health through their vibrant colors derived from dietary carotenoids., the specific morphological trait of the dominant individual involves communicating strength and reducing physical confrontations, dominance by the size of their antlers, which is directly correlated with their physical strength and health, 8.3a Honest signalling: occurs when individuals can accurately assess each other's health through a morphologocial trait, individuals can accurately assess each other's health through a morphologocial trait for example birds with "carotenoid" coloration, individuals can accurately assess each other's health through a morphologocial trait for example Female Paper Wasps, individuals can accurately assess each other's health through a morphologocial trait which saves energy for both individuals, size through their deep croaks, which indicate their larger body size, as smaller toads cannot produce low pitched sounds, Female Paper Wasps honestly signal rank, rank through their facial markings, specifically the black spots on their faces, which indicate higher dominance and fighting ability, individuals can accurately assess each other's health through a morphologocial trait for example male European toads, male European toads honestly signal size, subordinate hyenas (and dogs) "cower" or "crouch down" to signal that the subordinate individual knows that the other individual is dominant, individuals can accurately assess each other's health through a morphologocial trait for example subordinate hyenas (and dogs) "cower" or "crouch down", many "antlered" animals honestly signal dominance, saves energy for both individuals because it allows them to resolve conflicts without engaging in costly physical confronations, individuals can accurately assess each other's health through a morphologocial trait for example many "antlered" animals