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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: 6.2a Optimal Foraging Theory, the behaviors an animal uses to maximize its energy intake while minimizing its energy expenditure and addresses time & energy spent in searching for food (vs cost of this behavior), the food reward / energy expended per dive = approximately 80x (so for each dive they gained 80x the emount of energy than they expended) and in conclusion northwestern crows and blue whales gain more energy from their foraging activities than they expend in the attempt to secure food, crows fly up with whelks that are short in length and and fly up 5m to drop them until they break in conclusion northwestern crows and blue whales gain more energy from their foraging activities than they expend in the attempt to secure food, crows fly up with whelks that are short in length and and fly up 5m to drop them until they break in conclusion northwestern crows and oystercatchers choose prey that tend to provide the maximum caloric benefit relative to the time spent foraging, the energy expended within a single typical dive was about 60,000 kJ and the energy gained in a single underwater dive was approximately 5 million kJ per dive, 6.2a Optimal Foraging Theory must consider other costs of foraging (such as exposure to predators), into shoals of krill, engulfing huge amounts of water that is pushed out, trapping the krill inside their mouths with the energy expended within a single typical dive was about 60,000 kJ, on the largest mussels, to obtain more calories however, researchers found that oystercatchers prefer smaller mussels (30-40mm) because they require less energy output to open, time & energy spent in handling food (vs cost of this behavior) Where The energy spent accessing food is being optimized, the behaviors an animal uses to maximize its energy intake while minimizing its energy expenditure and addresses time & energy spent in handling food (vs cost of this behavior), the energy gained in a single underwater dive was approximately 5 million kJ per dive with the food reward / energy expended per dive = approximately 80x (so for each dive they gained 80x the emount of energy than they expended), and pick it up, fly into the air, and drop their prey onto a hard surface for example crows fly up with whelks that are short in length and and fly up 5m to drop them until they break, Northwestern Crows spot food and pick it up, fly into the air, and drop their prey onto a hard surface, on the largest mussels, to obtain more calories however, large mussels tends tend to be covered with barnacles which are almost impossible to open, Blue Whales surge into shoals of krill, engulfing huge amounts of water that is pushed out, trapping the krill inside their mouths, The energy spent locating food is being optimized Which determines Whether an animal that encounters different prey items should decide to eat what it finds or continue searching for more profitable prey items, the behaviors an animal uses to maximize its energy intake while minimizing its energy expenditure For Example Eurasian Oystercatchers (when barnacle-encrusted mussels are considered), 6.2a Optimal Foraging Theory predicts the behaviors an animal uses to maximize its energy intake while minimizing its energy expenditure, researchers found that oystercatchers prefer smaller mussels (30-40mm) because they require less energy output to open in conclusion northwestern crows and oystercatchers choose prey that tend to provide the maximum caloric benefit relative to the time spent foraging, the behaviors an animal uses to maximize its energy intake while minimizing its energy expenditure For Example Northwestern Crows