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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: CMap 2.2 Mechanisms of Bird Song Learning, increased traffic noise (which produces sounds at lower frequencies) which could obstruct low frequency bird songs, Frequency over time possibly due to increased traffic noise (which produces sounds at lower frequencies), which proteins get produced and therefore the biochemistry / physiology of bird song learning, a proximate (immediate) cause for which underlying genes, two additional areas of the brain called LMAN, the following pathway for song production: in the syrinx, the biochemistry / physiology of bird song learning for example ZENK genes, underlying genes determining which proteins get produced, the neurophysiological aspects of bird song learning which is a proximate (immediate) cause, the "avian song control system" (a neurophysiological system) which deterimines how bird dialects are learned, for song learning include two additional areas of the brain, Population at Location A Increase Frequency over time, Population at Location C Increase Frequency over time, two additional areas of the brain called Area X, the following pathway for for song learning, Frequency over time possibly due to increased traffic noise (which produces sounds at lower frequencies), song production: in the syrinx with The brain pathway, The Mechansim of Bird Song Learning addresses the neurophysiological aspects of bird song learning, The brain pathway being HVC --> NCM --> RA --> nXitis --> muscles in the syrinx contracting to produce song (Fig. 2.5; p. 34), a proximate (immediate) cause for which the "avian song control system" (a neurophysiological system)