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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: CMap 2.4 The Adaptive Value of Bird Song Learning, 5 (non-exclusive) hypotheses are proposed including The Recognition Hypothesis, The positive correlation between cooperative breeding behavior and vocal repertoire size in birds (Figure 2.14; p. 46) such that Cooperative breeding birds have a larger repertoire size (particularly alarm and contact calls) than non-cooperative breeding birds, Male Cassin’s finches sing to attract females Which demonstrated Males sing more when a female is removed, but sing less when together, indicating mate-loss triggers singing., the "ultimate consequences" of bird song for which there are 5 (non-exclusive) hypotheses are proposed, Great tits in dense forests sing songs with lower frequencies and simpler whistles than woodland counterparts (Fig. 2.11)., The Adaptive Value of Bird Song Learning addresses the "ultimate consequences" of bird song, 5 (non-exclusive) hypotheses are proposed including The Information-Sharing Hypothesis, The Geographic Matching Hypothesis which proposes that Vocal learning promotes geographic variation, aiding assortative mating and adaptation., Concerning Social Cohesioin: Birds in groups learn group-specific details of calls and if they change groups, they modify their calls to match that new groups' calls., Vocal learning enables animals to adjust communication to environmental conditions. For example male white-crowned sparrows, Vocal learning enhances recognition and social cohesion within groups. for example Concerning Recognition: Many bird species males will sing songs to their neighbors that are similar to that particular neighbor's song to let the neighbor know that the counter-singer is a familiar individual., Male white crown sparrows singing dialects around Tioga Pass, California As seen in Figure 2.17 That demonstated despite similar body mass, nonlocal males (with a different dialect) had significantly higher and more variable Haemoproteus infection rates than local males., The Recognition Hypothesis which proposes that Vocal learning enhances recognition and social cohesion within groups., The Information-Sharing Hypothesis which proposes that Vocal learning expands repertoire for better information sharing among kin., male white-crowned sparrows in densly vegetated habitats sing songs with slower trills and lower frequencies than do birds in habitats that are more open, That demonstated despite similar body mass, nonlocal males (with a different dialect) had significantly higher and more variable Haemoproteus infection rates than local males. therefore a known dialect allows a female to select a male that is healthier., Vocal learning increases vocal complexity for competition and mate selection. For Example Figure 2.16 Male Cassin’s finches sing to attract females, 5 (non-exclusive) hypotheses are proposed including The Environmental Adaptation Hypothesis, 5 (non-exclusive) hypotheses are proposed including The Sexual Selection Hypothesis, Vocal learning expands repertoire for better information sharing among kin. for example The positive correlation between cooperative breeding behavior and vocal repertoire size in birds (Figure 2.14; p. 46)