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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: CMap 1.2 Research Methods to Study AnBhv, mobbing rate was low supporting the hypothesis that bhg mobbing, the hypothesis that bhg mobbing is an adaptation that helps adult black-headed gulls protect their eggs and young, the cost of attemped predation was more than the benefit causing the carrion crows to stop attempting to get eggs, Hans Kruuk studied colonial ground nesting black-headed gulls by observing their mobbing behavior towards carrion crwos attempting to get the gulls' eggs, Research Approaches to Studying Animal Behavior include 1st: Observational methods, 10 meters ranging to "outside" the bhg colony, 10 meters ranging from "inside" the bhg colony, Kruuk experimentally tested his hypothesis (see Fig. 1.7) that black-headed gull (bhg) mobbing was a form of "predator distraction", experimental methods by manipulating features of the animal or its enviroment, manipulating features of the animal or its enviroment in order to more directly establish the adaptive function of an animal's behavior, from "inside" the bhg colony for which egg loss was low, more directly establish the adaptive function of an animal's behavior For example, Kruuk experimentally tested his hypothesis (see Fig. 1.7), to "outside" the bhg colony for which mobbing rate was low, egg loss was low supporting the hypothesis that bhg mobbing, observing their mobbing behavior towards carrion crwos attempting to get the gulls' eggs forcing carrion crows to spend more time attempting to get eggs, the hypothesis that mobbing is effective if the nests are vulnerable to predation but not necessary if nests are protected, black-headed gull (bhg) mobbing was a form of "predator distraction" by placing 1 chicken egg (as a replacement for gull eggs), to "outside" the bhg colony for which egg loss was high, coonstructing an evolutionary tree that describes historical relationships among animal species, closely related ground nesting gulls of other species mob nest predators supporting the hypothesis that mobbing is effective if the nests are vulnerable to predation