WARNING:
JavaScript is turned OFF. None of the links on this concept map will
work until it is reactivated.
If you need help turning JavaScript On, click here.
This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Exenteration, INTRA-OPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS Step1 Properly restrain the animal using both physical and chemical restraint mechanisms., EXENTERATION What is it? Definition, A periocular incision is made and dissection into the orbit is made through the skin and initially outside the extraocular muscles and conjunctival sac. Once the orbit is entered, the extraocular muscles may then be cut free of the globe at their insertions on the sclera (if only an enucleation is needed) or the entire orbital contents may be removed for the case of exenteration. For exenteration, the dissection coontinues into the orbital apex. Step 6 As the globe is removed, additonal anesthetic may be infiltrated into the orbital tissues as required., EXENTERATION Why? Indications for procedure, EXENTERATION During INTRA-OPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS, The optic nerve and associated blood vessels may be cut with scissor, ligated and transected. Step 8 The remaining periorbita and deep subcutaneous tissue are sutured with 3/0 or 4/0 absorbable suture and the skin is closed with simple interrupted nonabsorbable sutures appropriate for the size and environment of the patient., Prepare the surgical area (approximately 15cm long and 15cm wide around the eye) by clipping the surrounding hairs and aseptically cleaning with prep solutions alternating between povidone iodine and alcohol solutions. Step 3 Local anesthesia may be achieved by administering 2% lidocaine into the upper and lower eyelids with 10mL of the drug about 1-1.5cm from the margin. A four point retrobulbar block can also be performed with standing sedation. The range of lidocaine at each of the four points is 5-10mL. The sites used are 12, 3, 6 and 9 positions. Standing sedation can be achieved with detomidine (0.01-0.06mg/kg IV) or with xylazine (0.01-0.02mg/kg IV). An auriculopalpebral nerve block can also be used to faciliate the surgery., As the globe is removed, additonal anesthetic may be infiltrated into the orbital tissues as required. Step 7 The optic nerve and associated blood vessels may be cut with scissor, ligated and transected., Indications for procedure involves - Risk of neoplasia or infection in the extraocular tissues - Extrascleral extension of intraocular disease - Intraorbital neoplasia - Inflammatory masses and cysts in the orbit - Massive ocular trauma - Malignant tumours in the orbit - Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis that has resulted in globe rupture, The lids are sutured together with simple continuous sutures at either end are held with hemostats. Step 5 A periocular incision is made and dissection into the orbit is made through the skin and initially outside the extraocular muscles and conjunctival sac. Once the orbit is entered, the extraocular muscles may then be cut free of the globe at their insertions on the sclera (if only an enucleation is needed) or the entire orbital contents may be removed for the case of exenteration. For exenteration, the dissection coontinues into the orbital apex., Definition Refers to This procedure is a type of eye removal surgery. Exenteration refers to the surgical removal of the contents of the eye socket, including the muscles, lacrimal gland, optic nerve and various bones of the orbit, Local anesthesia may be achieved by administering 2% lidocaine into the upper and lower eyelids with 10mL of the drug about 1-1.5cm from the margin. A four point retrobulbar block can also be performed with standing sedation. The range of lidocaine at each of the four points is 5-10mL. The sites used are 12, 3, 6 and 9 positions. Standing sedation can be achieved with detomidine (0.01-0.06mg/kg IV) or with xylazine (0.01-0.02mg/kg IV). An auriculopalpebral nerve block can also be used to faciliate the surgery. Step 4 The lids are sutured together with simple continuous sutures at either end are held with hemostats., Properly restrain the animal using both physical and chemical restraint mechanisms. Step 2 Prepare the surgical area (approximately 15cm long and 15cm wide around the eye) by clipping the surrounding hairs and aseptically cleaning with prep solutions alternating between povidone iodine and alcohol solutions.