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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Bronchopulmonary Disease, General includes *Gradual weight loss for overweight animals *Gradual increase in exercise *Triggers (removed or avoided) *Nebulization and coupage with gentle exercise, History includes Chronic presentation *Long-term coughing, gagging, decreased activity, Physical Exam includes *P.E and thoracic auscultation may be normal *Other patients have adventitious lung sounds from wheezes to harsh crackles *Prolonged expiratory times *Increased tracheal sensitivity and post-tussive crackles *Open-mouthed breathing w/without cyanosis (emergency), Antitussives includes *Same as for tracheal collapse *Used once infection has been ruled out and after the majority of inflammation has resolved (Remember coughing is necessary for clearing secretions) *Coughing can be severe → airway damage and syncope, Diagnosis includes *Full work up 1. Radiography - signet rings or tram lines seen 2. Airway sampling - TTW, BAL 3. Bronchoscopy - hyperemic airways and mucus build up seen 4. Tracheobronchial cytology and culture Other tests:Heartworm analysis, ECG, Arterial Blood Gas analysis (partial pressures of O2), Treatment includes General, Pathophysiology includes *Airway inflammation *Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucous glands and goblet cells, Chronic Bronchitis concerns Physical Exam, Feline Bronchial Disease or Feline Asthma includes Pathophysiology, Physical Exam finds *Overweight *Tracheal collapse *Tracheal sensitivity or end-expiratory snap *Adventitious lung (crackles, wheezes, stirodor, rhonchi)* *Normal lung sounds until breath-holding is induced or cough is elicited *Slow, deep respiratory pattern *Cardiac auscultation - esp. HR, Incidence includes Cats *Male/female *All ages *Siamese:increased incidence and severity, of cats with hyper-responsive airways ???? Acute inflammatory response → degranulation of mast cells w/ release of histamine and serotonin → recruitment and activation of T cells + eosinophils, Feline Bronchial Disease or Feline Asthma includes Incidence, Acute inflammatory response → degranulation of mast cells w/ release of histamine and serotonin → recruitment and activation of T cells + eosinophils that leads to T cells → airway inflam by prod'n of cytokines (IL-5) which enhances expression of leukocytes adhesion molecules + facilitates the ingress of eosinophils, Bronchodilators includes Benefit effects include: *Reduction in airway inflammation *Reducing dyspnea *Stimulating mucociliary clearance Not so much used for the bronchodilator effect in chronic bronchitis since there is no true bronchoconstriction, Chronic Bronchitis concerns Aetiology, Chronic Bronchitis concerns Treatment, Treatment includes Bronchodilators, Bronchodilators includes Methylxanthines Adverse effects include: *GI signs *Nervousness *Hyperexcitability Metabolism affected by: *Dietary fibre *Environmental smoke *CHF *Enrofloxacin therapy Narrow therapeutic index - start at half required dose, Treatment includes Antitussives