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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Mammary Surgery, MAMMARY SURGERIES may include Teat cistern laceration Repair, MAMMARY SURGERIES may include Emergency Teat laceration Repair *please scroll over*, Teat cistern laceration Repair Post-operative Procedure, Pre-operative Procedure entails The animal was fasted for 24 hours prior to the procedure. The animal was restrained using a halter and ropes and a combination of xylazine (0.02 mg/kg),ketamine (0.04 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.01 mg/kg) was given to the animal IM. Procaine penicilin (22,000 IU/kg) was also given IM and flunixin meglumine ( 1mg/kg) was given IV. The animal was placed in dorsal recumbency and the area was shaved and cleaned using hydrotherapy. A local teat block was given and a scalpel blade was used to debride the wound and remove any necrotic tissue. *scroll over*, Teat cistern laceration Repair Intra-operative Procedure, Udder Amputation *please scroll over* methods surgical Amputation *please scroll over*, Teat cistern laceration Repair PRE-OPERATIVE PROCEDURE, Udder Amputation *please scroll over* methods Ligation of udder vasculature, Ligation of Udder Vasculature *please scroll over* Benefits and Risks Benefits: 1. Less traumatic approach 2. Less risk of haemorrage 4. Can be done quickly and more easily than a surgical procedure 3. Ligation prevents gangrenous toxins being absorbed systemically into blood stream Risks: 1. Need to know anatomy and where vessels are located, if tied off improperly (a) infected udder may still recieve a blood supply and (b) Gangrenous toxins can enter into blood stream 2. Tetanus is always a serious risk in small ruminants so it is best to ensure that their vaccinations are up-to-date or give tetanus ant- toxin prior to the procedure., Pre-operative Procedure entails A history was taken from the farmer and a complete physical examination was done. An udder examination was also conducted. (*scroll over*) Signalment A 3 year old cow weighing 250kg . Physical and Udder exam findings The animal had a BCS of 3.5/5 . TPR was normal. A full thickness oblique teat laceration was found in the right hind quarter of the udder. An ASA grade of 2 was given to the animal., MAMMARY SURGERIES may include Udder Amputation *please scroll over*