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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Castration in Horses, Drugs used for Regional Anaesthasia - RO types of anaesthetic drugs used for LA * Bupivacaine HCl, *Open Castration How is it done? Procedure, *Initially the spermatic sac is bluntly dissected free as for the closed technique Vaginal tunic is then incised cranial to and just above the testicle and the testicle extruded Then emasculate the cord including vaginal tunic - remeber nut to nut What should be done after procedure *Same as Method 1, but used in Larger horses to make sure the vessels are closed properly to prevent bleeding. The spermatic blood vessels are first Ligated with suture material and then divided from the testicle and epididymis and emasculated. Ligate the rest of the vaginal process and remove distal vaginal process containing testicle and epididymis by emasculation, Lidocaine HCL drug information Dose per injection site = 3mls to 5mls duration of action = 30–45 min, Post Operative may have Complications, chemical restraint to prevent pain and movment Drugs used for Regional Anaesthasia - RO, *Ketamine HCL used only after these other drugs *Detomidine (0.12ml/100kg) (0.02-0.04 mg/kg), *Butorphanol (0.2ml/100kg) or (0.01 mg/kg) should not be used *Contraindicated, Physical Restraint usually minimal restraint *Lips twitch or chain, *Ketamine HCL used only after these other drugs *Romifidine (0.9ml/ 100kg) (0.05-0.1mg/kg), Give Pre-op Medication to prevent complications *Antibiosis, * Bupivacaine HCl drug information Slow onset of action, peak effect within 30 minutes. Duration of action = 2-6hr. Long duration of action of up to 8hrs, *Heavy Sedations for Standing or Recumbant horses the opioid *Butorphanol (0.2ml/100kg) or (0.01 mg/kg), Pre-OP exam includes *Ensure no Inguinal Hernia, *Detomidine (0.12ml/100kg) (0.02-0.04 mg/kg) use care when administering *Contraindicated, *Initially the spermatic sac is bluntly dissected free as for the closed technique Vaginal tunic is then incised cranial to and just above the testicle and the testicle extruded Then emasculate the cord including vaginal tunic - remeber nut to nut What should be done after procedure *Post Op Care, Pre -OP Considerations Procedure 2, Give Pre-op Medication to prevent complications *Analgesia - NSAIDs, Slow onset of action, peak effect within 30 minutes. Duration of action = 2-6hr. Long duration of action of up to 8hrs how and when not to use *Contraindicated, Pre -OP Considerations Procedure 3 Semi-Closed Castrations