0:00 in 0:07 its easy to get wrapped up in a movie and focus in on just that one shop 0:12 easing the audience's eyes is hard work there's more to it than pointing a 0:16 camera 0:17 and filming a scene each images carefully composed 0:20 even one count sprains flash before our eyes believe it or not 0:25 geometry is a main part of the cinematographers toolkit for creating 0:28 beautiful images 0:29 to do it these principles we can understand 0:33 using mathematical concepts have congregants and similarity 0:37 conduit forms are exactly the same shape and size 0:41 the ratio of sizes corresponding parts from one to the other 0:45 is 121 congruent forms are also similar 0:49 similar forms are the same shape 0:53 the corresponding parts have the same size ratio the ratio determines the 0:59 scale love one 1:00 with respect to the other solar shades proportions are preserved 1:04 this larger triangles dimensions are twice the smaller ones 1:09 the ratio is 2:1 cinematographers 1:13 often use a method called the rule of thirds they divide screen in 29 1:18 rectangles 1:19 and place in image of senator and intersection this practice is considered 1:24 to make the image is more interesting 1:25 and placing a subject directly in the center these rectangles are all Condra 1:30 with one another 1:31 and similar to the entire frame in the mathematical sense 1:35 similar forms are the same shape 1:38 and corresponding sides all have the same ratio therefore 1:42 two objects have different sizes but the same shape can be considered similar 1:46 since their proportions are the same for example one small rectangle within the 1:51 larger frame 1:52 is similar to the largest rectangle this is because all corresponding 1:57 angles are the same and each side of the smaller rectangle 2:00 is one-third the length at the corresponding side 2:03 the larger rectangle and the ratios at the link the short side 2:07 to the link for the long side are equal for both to small rectangles are con- 2:12 group 2:13 because not only are they the same shape but since the sizeof corresponding sides 2:17 are identical 2:18 they're also exactly the same signs now that's a great shot 2:32 huh 2:32 this looks like the Capitol building but it only stands around seven feet tall 2:37 it looks like the same shape but it's definitely not the same size as the real 2:41 capitol building this label and many USA 2:46 it has a model version of washington DC's money means including the United 2:50 States Capitol building 2:51 real capital statue of freedom alone stand nineteen feet 6 inches tall 2:57 similar forms are the same shape and corresponding parts had the same ratios 3:03 this ratio determines the scale and one object with respect to the other 3:08 proportions within a shaper preserve concorde forms are similar 3:13 but always with the ratio of 121 so that's why they're the same shape and 3:18 size 3:19 now back to our capital parts of its former similar 3:23 but not conduit to the form in the corresponding parts at the actual 3:27 building since it is smaller than the original measurements can reveal that it 3:32 was built using a scale of 1 to 20 3:34 meeting the relationship between the model in the original 3:37 even if it's not the real thing it's still a capital experience 3:52 our grand old flag stands for the american ideals liberty and justice 3:56 so great care is taken in making new flax 4:00 standard flag usually are geometrically similar to one another 4:04 that means flag to the same size are also chondrite 4:07 similar forms are the same shape and their corresponding parts have the same 4:12 ratios 4:12 this ratio determines the scale of one with respect to the other 4:16 proportions within a shape are preserved con good forms are similar 4:22 but always with the ratio of 1:1 so that's why they're the same shape 4:26 insights 4:26 this smaller flag is similar to the larger one waving in the wind 4:31 because it had the same internal ratios and angles 4:34 compare the rectangle shape than even the stars and stripes 4:39 the corresponding sides all have the same ratio 4:42 even the one is much larger than the other the baller flag has a with the two 4:47 feet 4:47 in a lake than three feet and the larger one had the with the fourth be 4:51 in the lake them sixty in both the ratio of width to length 4:56 is 223 the flag sure the proportion up to 23 5:00 equals four to six the same as two-thirds equals 46 5:04 win the overall size the flag proportionally increased 5:08 here it's doubled the starfield link and whip 5:12 are similarly increased as well the height the starfield in all flags is the 5:17 height of seven strikes 5:19 while the height of the entire flag is always thirteen stripes 5:22 and every measurement on the larger flag here 5:26 is twice the corresponding measurement on the smaller one not only our internal 5:31 ratios preserve but the ratio the measurement on the large flag to the 5:35 corresponding measurement on a similar small one 5:37 is always the same here 221 to medium-sized flags are congress they 5:45 have identical forms 5:46 the corresponding measures have a proportion of 121 5:50 that we put one on top of the other they match everywhere 5:54 that's one star-spangled banner 6:00 who bud 6:06 life beneath the water's surface 6:09 is as diverse as the ocean is why from serene scenes the creepy crawlers 6:15 you can swim past the life to catch the concept of similarity 6:19 right before your very eyes check out the shark pups 6:23 their predators in the making and unlike many familiar animals 6:27 the shark pub grub proportionally their parts all grow by about the same ratio 6:32 over any period of time so 6:35 the baby and it's mama are similar their forms are the same shape because their 6:39 corresponding parts maintain about the same ratios as they grow 6:43 the ratio of one measurement to another 6:46 within a shape is the kinda internal ratio in similar forms 6:51 a proportion can express the quality of the ratio within one shape 6:56 to the course binding ratio in the other look at the baby shower 7:00 it's been is about one and a half in chips and its total body length is about 7:04 15 inches 7:06 that the ratio of one to 10 for the lake the 7:09 been to the lake the body on now look at the mom shark 7:13 it stopped in is about six inches and its total body weight 7:16 is 66 inches the ratio of been to body weight 7:20 is about 12 11 nearly the same as the pups 7:24 of course in biology there's always individual variation 7:28 the relationship can be expressed in the form the proportion as one and a half to 7:34 15 7:35 is approximately equal 62 66 7:38 the babies ratio of been to body length is roughly the same 7:43 as the adults ratio of antibody link about 12 Ted 7:46 we can also see the size is that the same parts in one animal compared to the 7:51 other 7:51 for been linked the ratio of the babies to the mother's 7:55 is one and a half to six were about the same as 124 7:59 for body size its 15 266 8:02 about one 24.4 on 8:06 notice that the two ratios are nearly as say they're both around 124 8:10 this is the scaled the baby do with mother the pups about 1/4 his mom son's 8:17 now take a peek at another creature in the deep this not a list 8:21 a mollusk road by adding new sections to its shell 8:25 and each new section is similar to the older ones even know if larger 8:29 this growth forms a spiral pattern in which 8:33 each new section follows the proportion established in the rest in the shell 8:36 this allows the nodal a smart to grow into a spiral shape 8:41 keeping its proportions equal between adjacent sections 8:44 did think you can see all this in a day at the beach 8:48 jump in the oceans OpenID congruent and similar figures