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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Chapter 7.cmap, Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (operant conditioning). Classical Conditioning A Type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events., LEARNING (Chapter 7) Process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information/ behaviours. TOPIC 1: BASIC LEARNING CONCEPTS AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, A Type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. Ivan Pavlov's Influence on Watson Watson believed that psychology should be an objective science based on observable behaviour (behaviurisim). Watsons views influenced North American psychology during the first half of the 20th century., TOPIC 1: BASIC LEARNING CONCEPTS AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING How do we learn? John Locke and David Hume echoed Aristotle's conclusion that we learn by association, LEARNING (Chapter 7) Process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information/ behaviours. TOPIC 1: BASIC LEARNING CONCEPTS AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, Topic 4:Learning by observation Process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information/ behaviours. TOPIC 1: BASIC LEARNING CONCEPTS AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, A type of learning in which behaior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher B.F. Skinner He was a college English Major and aspiring writer who, seeking a new direction, entered Psychology graduate school, any event that strengthens the behaviour it follows Types of Reinforcers Positive Reinforcement, Operant Chamber:Skinner Box ???? It contains a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer;attached devices record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking, Positive Reinforcement ???? strengthens responding by presenting a typically pleasurable stimulus after a response, LEARNING (Chapter 7) Process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information/ behaviours. TOPIC 3:Constrasting Classical and Operatant Conditioning, Pavlov's Experiment. ???? A Type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events., "experimental investigation... should lay a solid foundation for a future true science of Psychology."(1927) Ivan Pavlovs work laid the foundation for many of John B. Watsons ideas. Pavlov's Classic Experiment He presented a neutral stimulus(tone) just before an unconditioned stimulus (food in mouth). The neutral stimulus then became a conditioned stimulus, producing a conditioned response., Topic 4:Learning by observation definition the process of learning by observing others., Generalization ???? A Type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events., Classical Conditioning (Pavlonian) different stimuli we dont control and then we respond automatically ???? Biological Constraints on Conditioning: Pavlol and Watson believed that the basic learning laws were similar in all animals. They believe that if a certain animal was studied, and a response was evoked from it, the response could be applied to people without actually testing the people. Any natural response could be conditioned to any neutral stimulus., any event that strengthens the behaviour it follows Types of Reinforcers Negative Reinforcement, Topic 4:Learning by observation Process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information/ behaviours. TOPIC 1: BASIC LEARNING CONCEPTS AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, Biological Constraints on Conditioning: Pavlol and Watson believed that the basic learning laws were similar in all animals. They believe that if a certain animal was studied, and a response was evoked from it, the response could be applied to people without actually testing the people. Any natural response could be conditioned to any neutral stimulus. ???? Limits on Classical/Operant Conditioning, A Type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. Extinction and spontaneous recovery Extinction: The diminishing of a conditioned response. Occurs when an unconditioned stimulus doese not follow a conditioned stimulus.