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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: CHAPTER 1, Observed Difference When significant This means that the observed difference is probably not due to the cance variation between the samples, Moral Debate considering What about human testing?, Overconfidence explantion Humans tend to think they know more than they actually know. Knowing the answer to something tends to make us more confidence, Theory produces A good hypothesis. In order for a theory to be valid it has to produce testable predictions., Giving everyone an equal chance to participate in a survey. example Highschool survery where they randomly select students to participate., Descriptive Research which is Weakness: the variables can't be controlled, Descriptive Research which is Used to observe behaviour, Smart thinking. Critical thiking does not blinldy accept information. Critical thinkers examine assumptions and sources, look for hidden values and potential biases. They ask questions, evaluate all given evidence, and come to an educated conclusion. Questions critical thinkers often ask are; How did they get that information? Does the evidence they are providing me actually justify this conclusion? How credible is this source?Does this person have a reason to lie? What other reasons could there be for this outcome? leads to Suprise Findings, Naturalistic obeservation Research method Records and judges behavior in natural conditions., Moral Debate a quote: "We cannot defend our scientific work with animals on the basis of the similarities between them and ourselves and then defend it morally on the basis of our differences" -Roger Ulrich (1991), Effective Policies such as Increasing liklihood of arrest to deter crime. Emphasize peer voting to increase voter rate more so. Making people use $1 to get a shopping cart to ensure they return it to the stall., Scientific method Includes Theory, Observed Difference When Reliable More cases are better than fewer, Standard Deviation Forms A normal (or bell-shaped) curve, How closely two things correlate. This means we are trying to determine how often two things (events, factors, traits, behavious, etc.)"happen" together. E.g, how well one event relates to, or predicts another. measured by Correlation Co-efficient. (+1.00>CC>-1.00). A number denoting magnitude of correlation, Correlational Research which is Used to detect natural relationships betwen variables, Regression Towards the Mean because We sometimes correlate regression towards the mean with our own actions, even though that is not the case., Experimentation Requires Thinking Critically with Psychological Science (Chapter 1), Surveys and interviews such as wording effects, Experimental Research which is Weakness: It isn't always convenient and/or ethical