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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Enucleation, Transpalpebral Approach ???? Technique:, Sedatives / Analgesics such as Xylazine Dosage: 0.05mg/kg, NSAIDs approved for food animals such as Tolfenemic Acid Dose Rate: 2mg/kg or 1 ml/10kg Route: SC / IV, Pen-Strep Dose Rate : 20,000 IU/kg note that Contraindications: known cases of hypersensitivity to penicillins transient pyrexia, vomiting, shivering, listlessnes, incoordination, vulval discharge and abortion in pigs, Enucleation types include Tranconjunctival / Subconjunctival Approach, Flunixin Dose Rate: 2.2 mg/kg or 2ml/45kg Route: IV note Contraindications: Cattle: Do not administer intra-arterially. Inadvertent intra-arterial injection may cause adverse reactions. Do not use in cattle showing hypersensitivity to flunixin meglumine. The drug is contraindicated in animals with hepatic disease, renal and cardiovascular impairment, gastro-intestinal ulceration and/or platelet disorders. It is also contraindicated in dehydrated animals., Injectable such as Pen-Strep Dose Rate : 20,000 IU/kg, Considerations ???? Pre-operative Considerations, Grasp conjunctiva and incise for 360 degrees around the globe approx 5 mm from the limbus ???? Extraocular muscles are isolated and transected, Closure Techniques ???? 1)subcutaneous tisue, Sedatives / Analgesics such as Butorphonol, NSAIDs approved for food animals such as Meloxicam Dose Rate:0.5mg/kg or 2.5ml/100kg Route: SC or IV, Same method done for the TRANSPALPEBRAL APPROACH for ENUCLEATION from here Dissect the optic nerve, Considerations ???? Intraoperative Considerations, Enucleation ???? Indications: For the treatment of painful eyes or blind eyes, Or for the presence of an inopera, Technique ???? Grasp conjunctiva and incise for 360 degrees around the globe approx 5 mm from the limbus, Xylazine Dosage: 0.05mg/kg note that Contraindications/side effects:/ Considerations: Do not use on goats with urethral obstruction Reduces Ruminal activity and cardiac sphincter tone Reduced swallowing and laryngeal activity Pulmonary Oedema (esp in sheep), Also remove the adjacent structures i.e. lacrimal gland plus other orbital cntents, leaving back only bone and a short pieve of optic nerve, Transpalpebral Approach ???? * Be careful not to put too much traction on the globe to prevent oculo-cardiac reflex and potential blinding of the fellow eye Once the limbus is reached, isolate muscles and transect with scissors +/- clamp the optic nerve with a curved forcep Transect, ligation is optional Pack orbit for 5 min-- then ligate any bleeders before closing Palpate the remaining orbital tissue and orbital bone for additional evidence of neoplasia, NSAIDs approved for food animals such as Ketoprofen Dose Rate: 3mg/kg or 2ml/45kg Route: IM / IV