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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Lab 2 Anaesthesia, Large Animal Surgery Lab 2 Bovine Physical examination:, Caudal epidural anaesthesia Involves the following uses 1. Used routinely for suturing tears in the perineum or vulva, perineal reconstruction, retraction of the uterine cervix, reduction of uterine prolapse, embryotomy etc. 2. Adjunctive treatment in control of tenesmus associate with perineal, anal, rectal or vaginal irritation. 3. Provides excellent perineal analgesia and muscle relaxation, minimal cardiovascular and respiratory effects, and rapid recovery., Physical examination: revealed Temperature: 39 degree celcius Pulse: 84 beats per min Respiratory rate: 92 breaths per min behaviour: Bright, alert and responsive, observations and results pre-operational Observations: 1. when lifted, the tail had tone tail resistance., Large Animal Surgery Lab 2 Bovine Signalment: Sex: Female Weight: 375 kg Breed: Jersey mix Body condition score: 4, Caudal epidural anaesthesia has complications: 1.Danger of accidentally injecting the subarachnoid space. 2. Excess amount of drug or improper positioning of the animal can result in cranial movement of the drug and resultant respiratory paralysis and muscle weakness., Caudal epidural anaesthesia includes procedure, Caudal epidural anaesthesia produced observations and results, observations and results post operational Observations: At 2:45pm, the 2% lidocaine was injected and four minutes later, the tail lost all resistance and hung flaccidly. At 2:55pm, the cow didn't respond to the needle prick ie didnt show signs of irritation as a response to a needle prick. Toward the end of the lab session, the drug was wearing off as we noticed the cow could lift her tail when urinating.