WARNING:
JavaScript is turned OFF. None of the links on this concept map will
work until it is reactivated.
If you need help turning JavaScript On, click here.
This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Crows and WNV 022015, (1) mechanism of exposure to WNV (in birds) including physical contact with infected conspecifics, social foraging & roosting which brings lots of crows together but for which Caffrey et al. state that sociality does not seem to promote the spread of WNV, Dr. Mostrom suggests that sociality in crows does promote the spread of WNV (how can it not?) because one mode of infection is "physical contact will infected individual", research findings (1997 - 2003) showing high mortality: ᡱ,000 dead crows from 1999-2002 with juvenille suffering highest rate (at 68%), an increase in Mortality (in one year) in 2003 to 65% with males & females dying at an equal rate, a "sentinel" species for understanding (1) mechanism of expansion of WNV; (2) vulnerability of bird communities to WNV; for understanding (2) Vulnerability of bird communities to WNV, a "sentinel" species for understanding (1) mechanism of expansion of WNV; (2) vulnerability of bird communities to WNV; for understanding (1) mechanism of exposure to WNV (in birds), rapid expansion across the Americas such that In 5 years (by 2004) WNV, 33% Mortality in 2002 (within 2 months of WNV arriving in Stillwater, OK) with males & females dying at an equal rate, (1) mechanism of exposure to WNV (in birds) including being bitten by an infected mosquitoes, social foraging & roosting which brings lots of crows together but for which Dr. Mostrom suggests that sociality in crows does promote the spread of WNV (how can it not?), Social Behavior: "Cooperative Breeding" with family groups of 2 breeders and 0-10 auxillaries (often offspring), extremely high prevalence of WNV in American Crow population with an overall loss of 72% of the marked Crow population missing/dead in 2003 (presumed primarily due to exposure to WNV) (Figs 1 & 2), (1) mechanism of exposure to WNV (in birds) including eating infected prey, extremely high prevalence of WNV in American Crow population with 33% Mortality in 2002 (within 2 months of WNV arriving in Stillwater, OK), In 5 years (by 2004) WNV reached 7 Canadanian Provinces, research findings (1997 - 2003) showing Crows are extremely vunerable to WNV: mortality reaching 100% in lab populations, (1) mechanism of exposure to WNV (in birds) including drinking water contaminated with WNV, In 5 years (by 2004) WNV reached Central America, first case in Western Hemisphere documented in 1999 (New York City) with rapid expansion across the Americas