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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Crows and WNV, extremely high prevalence of WNV in Crow population with an overall loss of 72% of the marked Crow population missing/dead in 2003 (presumed primarily due to exposure to WNV) (Figs 1 & 2), West Nile Virus (WNV) afflicts American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), (2) Vulnerability of bird communities to WNV with research findings (1997 - 2003), wooded and densely vegetated areas not used by humans therefore making it difficult for scientists to track family groups and find dead crows, research findings (1997 - 2003) showing high mortality: � dead crows from 1999-2002 with juvenille suffering highest rate, 68%, (1) mechanism of exposure to WNV (in birds) including physical contact with infected conspecifics, Habitat preference of wooded and densely vegetated areas not used by humans, research findings (1997 - 2003) showing Crows are extremely vunerable to WNV: mortality reaching 100% in lab populations, "sentinel" organism for understanding (1) mechanism of expansion of WNV; (2) vulnerability of bird communities to WNV; for understanding (1) mechanism of exposure to WNV (in birds), (1) mechanism of exposure to WNV (in birds) including contaminated drinking water, American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) show Habitat preference, an overall loss of 72% of the marked Crow population missing/dead in 2003 (presumed primarily due to exposure to WNV) (Figs 1 & 2) with highest mortality among juveniles, Caffrey et al. (Oklahoma State U.) during 2002 & 2003, "sentinel" organism for understanding (1) mechanism of expansion of WNV; (2) vulnerability of bird communities to WNV; for understanding (2) Vulnerability of bird communities to WNV, 2002 & 2003 showed extremely high prevalence of WNV in Crow population, American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) exhibit Social Behavior: "Cooperative Breeding", extremely high prevalence of WNV in Crow population with 33% Mortality in 2002, (1) mechanism of exposure to WNV (in birds) including eating infected prey, West Nile Virus (WNV) with first case in Western Hemisphere in 1999 (New York City), (1) mechanism of exposure to WNV (in birds) including -being bitten by an infected mosquitoes