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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: mating systems Lit, made extra-territory forays during the night more often than during day (Fig 4), at "night clubs" but not by advertising through night song, make extra-territorial forays but not during infertile periods (incubation; nestling; fledgling stages), the night more often than during day (Fig 4) and yet daytime extra-territory forays, specific stages of the reproductive cycle (Fig. 5) including their pre-mated stage, made extra-territory forays at rate of 0.18 per/24 hours (which is greater than females), sexual polygyny (males seeking EPCs with non-mate females) include Western Bluebirds, daytime extra-territory forays provide opportunity to asses if non-mate females are fertile, neglect the clutch because some young may not be their offspring, made extra-territory forays but not during their female mate's, males aggressively guard their mates during this time in an attempt to ensure offspring are theirs, their female mate's non-fertile phases fledgling, specific stages of the reproductive cycle (Fig. 5) including their fertile stage (when laying eggs), Ferree & Dickinson (2014) who found that Older males (Extra-Pair = EP males) (i.e., those who gained EPCs), Yellow-breasted Chats studied by Ward et al. (2014) reveal the mechanism of females gaining EPCs, the night more often than during day (Fig 4) and yet daytime extra-territorial forays, Sexual Polygamy including sexual polyandry (females seeking EPCs with non-mate males), = egg-laying because males aggressively guard their mates during this time, infertile periods (incubation; nestling; fledgling stages) when the female is needed at the nest, daytime extra-territorial forays provide opportunity to asses males and their territory