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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Surgery Lab 1- Castration, Procedure types Open, short acting, local anesthetic Effective for 45-90 minutes Lidocaine, Eqipment Such as but not limited to Emasculator, blade, drugs antibiotic spray, fly repellant, Slection of animal Drugs NSAIDS, Used alone or with xylazine or anesthetics, Client education informing about purpose of the procedure, Closed procedure Video, Castration Pre Operative Eqipment, Castration Post-Operative Care Post Operative Care, Lidocaine Local injection Directly into testicles, incision site or spermatic chord, Procedure types Closed, Lidocaine Analgesia Xylazine given alone or with local anesthetic for analgesia, Castration ???? Intraoperative procedure, Open procedure Video, Slection of animal Drugs Anesthesia and Pain relief, Slection of animal Preferred Young male animal, Closed Complications May clamp penis or urethra, therfore the bull can’t urinate May not clamp cord properly – so the animal can still breed, Open complications Excessive bleeding Injury to operator Scirrhous cord and peritonitis secondary to infection, Calf Castration Management Post Operative Care, Client education informing about Complications that may arise, Lidocaine Epidural injection To block pain to testicular region