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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: virginia resmondo ch1 22, The Science of Psychology The goal of psychology, is to discover the description, explanation, prediction, and control of human and animal behavior. Prediction: When will it happen?, A Random Assignment gives each subject a fair chance at being in each group. ???? Control group: subjects in an experiment who arent effected by the independent variables, and may be effected by the placebo treatment., The Science of Psychology The History of Psychology John B. Watson: Watson wanted to get away from psychoanalysis and get back to observable behavior. He believed that behavior could be learned. He went against Freuds idea that "phobia" was an "irrational fear". And that it could only be fixed through years of psychoanalysis. Watson proved his point through an experiment called "Little Albert". In which he taught a baby to be scared of a rat by making a loud noise everytime the baby was near the rat. Therefore the baby connected the noise with the rat, and cried everytime he saw the rat. So he was taught to fear the rat., NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION- Observing people or animals in their natural environment. ???? Observer bias- when an observer only sees what they expect to see., NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION- Observing people or animals in their natural environment. ???? Participant observation- when an observer of an experiment becomes a participant., Operational definition: names the variables and steps in an experiment, that the experimenter uses to control or measure the variables. ???? Independent Variable: the variable that is manipulated in an experiment., The Science of Psychology FINDING RELATIONSHIPS EXPERIMENT: The only way researchers can determine the cause of a behavior. In which researchers manipulate the variables and measure the changes and results., The Science of Psychology Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Mental processes, meaning all of our internal actions, such as thinking or feeling., The Science of Psychology THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD- A system used to descover the description, explanation, prediction, and control of something. 2.Form a Hypothesis. (Description and explanation.), A Random Assignment gives each subject a fair chance at being in each group. ???? Experimental group: the subjects in an experiment being effected by the independent variable., There are four principles for critical thinking: ???? 3. "Just because someone is considered to be an authority or to have a lot of expertise does not make everything that person claims automatically true"., Guidelines for doing research on people: 1. "Rights and well-being of participants must be weighed against the study's value to science". 2. "Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation"., The Science of Psychology The goal of psychology, is to discover the description, explanation, prediction, and control of human and animal behavior. Description: What is happening?, Max Wertheimer: He believed that psychological events such as understanding and sensing couldnt be broken down and still understood. He said "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts". ???? Gestalt Psychology: Deals with things as a whole, not in parts., The Science of Psychology Ethics of Psychological Research Guidelines for doing research on people:, SURVEYS- questions about a topic being studied and researched, given over the phone, internet, or a paper survey. ???? Representative sample- a random group of people selected to the survey., CORRELATION: the measurement of the relationships between variables. Correlation Coefficient: represents the strength and the direction of the relationship. Variables dont always cause the other. "Correlation does not prove causation"., The Science of Psychology The History of Psychology Wilhelm Wundt: He was the first to try to apply science when it came to studying the human mind. Wundt came up with the idea of "Objective Introspection". Which is "the process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities"., The Science of Psychology THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD- A system used to descover the description, explanation, prediction, and control of something. 4.Draw the conclusion. (prediction), The Science of Psychology The History of Psychology Sigmund Freud: He was a neurologist whos goal was to better understand why his patients came to him with nervous disorders that no one could find a physical cause for. His idea was that these disorders were caused by the mind. He thought that there was an unconscious place that we push all of our dersires and urges. And that the nervous disorders were caused by those urges trying to resurface, and could only be fixed through years of psychoanalysis.