Determining what gaps are present includes looking at:

Knowledge Areas:
	Are the learners missing
	⁃	intellectual skills (rules/principles) regarding how they are to act?
	⁃	cognitive skills (cognitive strategies) that enable effective self-regulated learning?
	⁃	communication skills that allow them to seek help and understand materials?

Attitudinal Areas:
	Are the learners missing
	⁃	the correct motivation?
	⁃	a sense of engagement?
	⁃	the contextual importance of the subject?