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Chapter6 Gregory Spires, ◆ retrieval The process of bringing to mind information that has been stored in memory. ◆ memory The process of encoding, storage, consolidation, and retrieval of information. ◆ sensory memory The memory system that holds information from the senses for a period of time ranging from only a fraction of a second to about 2 seconds. ???? ◆ relearning method A measure of memory in which retention is expressed as the percentage of time saved when material is relearned compared with the time required to learn the material originally., Researchers continue to identify specific locations in the brain that house and mediate functions and processes in memory. Forgetting Why do we fail to remember, even when we put forth a lot of effort aimed at remembering? One possibility is that the item was never stored in memory to begin with. Of course, there is a distinction between forgetting and not being able to remember. Forgetting is the inability to recall something that you could recall previously. But often when people say they cannot remember, they have not actually forgotten., Sir Frederick Bartlett (1932) believed that some impressive memory abilities operate within a social or cultural context and cannot be completely understood as a process. Biology and Memory Researchers continue to identify specific locations in the brain that house and mediate functions and processes in memory., Memory c h a p t e r6 Remembering The act of remembering requires successful completion of all three of these processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval., ◆ relearning method A measure of memory in which retention is expressed as the percentage of time saved when material is relearned compared with the time required to learn the material originally. ???? ◆ short-term memory (STM) The memory system that codes information according to sound and holds about seven (from five to nine) items for less than 30 seconds without rehearsal; also called working memory. ◆ displacement The event that occurs when short-term memory is filled to capacity and each new, incoming item pushes out an existing item, which is then forgotten. ◆ chunking A memory strategy that involves grouping or organizing bits of information into larger units, which are easier to remember. ◆ rehearsal The act of purposely repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory., Memory c h a p t e r6 ???? Key Terms, schemas are helpful to memory because they aid in processing large amounts of material by providing frameworks into which people can incorporate new information Memory and Culture Sir Frederick Bartlett (1932) believed that some impressive memory abilities operate within a social or cultural context and cannot be completely understood as a process., Memory c h a p t e r6 ???? Key Terms, Why do we fail to remember, even when we put forth a lot of effort aimed at remembering? One possibility is that the item was never stored in memory to begin with. Of course, there is a distinction between forgetting and not being able to remember. Forgetting is the inability to recall something that you could recall previously. But often when people say they cannot remember, they have not actually forgotten. Improving Memory Sorry, but there are no magic formulas for improving your memory. Remembering is a skill that, like any other, requires knowledge and practice. How information is organized strongly influences your ability to remember it. For example, almost anyone can name the months of the year in about 10 seconds, but how long would it take to recall them in alphabetical order?, schemas are helpful to memory because they aid in processing large amounts of material by providing frameworks into which people can incorporate new information The Nature of Remembering The act of remembering requires successful completion of all three of these processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval.