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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Hughes_Joudeh NT Release_SNARE Hypothesis, Cuts SNARE proteins in excitatory Ach nurons which inhibits the cell's ability to release Ach into NMJ Cosmetic Reduces wrinkles, Steps of the SNARE Hypothesis ???? 1. NSF/alpha SNAP Complex along with ATP Prepares the vessicles for docking by preparing all of the SNARE proteins, The Snare Hypothesis Target (T) Snares Syntaxin, Synaptotagmin Role Ca2+ sensor -Prevents vessicular fusion in the absence of Ca2+ -Accelerates fusion and exocytosis with Ca2+ influx, Cuts SNARE proteins responsible for NT release in presynaptic inhibitory neurons responsible for modulating Ach release in the NMJ ???? Results in uncontrollable muscle movements and eventually death., The Snare Hypothesis ???? Steps of the SNARE Hypothesis, 1. NSF/alpha SNAP Complex along with ATP Prepares the vessicles for docking by preparing all of the SNARE proteins ???? 2. The vessicle is reversibly tethered to the membrane with rab 3. This allows the formation of the SNARE Complex. The SNARE complex is formed in the active zone immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane and Ca2+ channels., 3. Docking occurs, and the membrane of the vessicle partially fuses to the plasma membrane. ???? 4. Neurexins interact with synaptotagmin to bring it into the SNARE complex near the Ca2+ channel. When Ca2+ enters the cell and GTP is hydrolized, the vessicle fuses to the membrane and releases NT., Botulinum Affects SNARE proteins Cuts SNARE proteins in excitatory Ach nurons which inhibits the cell's ability to release Ach into NMJ, Syntaxin ???? Form the snare complex, The Snare Hypothesis ???? NSF/alpha-SNAP, The Effects of toxins ???? Tetanus, Cuts SNARE proteins in excitatory Ach nurons which inhibits the cell's ability to release Ach into NMJ Systemic Paralyzes muscles and eventually results in death because of paralysis in the lungs., The Snare Hypothesis Vessicular (V) Snares Synaptotagmin, The Snare Hypothesis Vessicular (V) Snares Synaptobrevin, Synaptotagmin Interact with for priming Neurexins, The Effects of toxins ???? Botulinum, SNAP-25 ???? Form the snare complex, Tetanus ???? Cuts SNARE proteins responsible for NT release in presynaptic inhibitory neurons responsible for modulating Ach release in the NMJ, The Snare Hypothesis Inhibits SNARE complex formation Munc-18/n-sec 1