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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: APS is broken _ T, 9/11- Bin laden and al- queda are products of US policy ???? creates it own probelms, 1) In the theory of democracy, corrupt and ineffective politicians are thrown out by elections ???? IF corrupt and ineffeicnt polititians are thrwon out by elections, then the system is democratic, The US political system stagnates legislation Theerfore: (Argscheme: Modus Ponens) The US political system is broken, representatives in the Leg branch are not elected democratically ???? If reps are not elected democratically, the leg cannot function prpoerty, the syetem does not refelct natioanl inetstet ???? System is broken, redrawing can disenfrancises voters ???? if current federal law is not adequate to prevent gerrymandering without citizen protest, and if redrawing can disenfrancize voters then redistricting can be used as a political tool to win elections, "Mitch McConnell and John Boehner learned from history and spent 2009 and 2010 urging a united caucus to say “no” to everything... And in the 2010 midterms, the GOP won big." (Yglesias 11.16.10) therefore: (Argscheme: Modus Ponens) If Minority parties purposfully obstruct majority legislation and then win major elections, then there is no incentive for bipartisan cooperation, Politicians spend more resources on elections than making policy Therefore: (Argscheme: Modus Ponens) If Politicians spend more resources on elections than making policy and if there is no incentive for bipartisan cooperation, then the US political system stagnates legislation, Vauge language does not explicily prohibit politically favorable redrawing ???? If vaguge, leg votes are made with relection goals, not in the name good policy therefore: (Argscheme: Modus Ponens) Politicians spend more resources on elections than making policy, The following states have recently been involved in efforts to restrict modern gerrymandering: *Florida- 2011 state laws changed to specify guilines to redrawing *Texas- 2006 issue brought to U.S. Supreme Court and was deafeated- politcal redrawing was not unconstitutional *North Carolina- 10 cases in the 1990 all claiming racial gerrymandering and lacked respect for communities of interest ???? Gerrymandering is t is still being practiced, even though it is illegal, There is no maxium number of time a state can redistrict, just a minimun (every 10 years) ???? gives states alot of discretion about shape and frequency of redrawing, the legistative branch is unable to perform its function ???? Broken, the legistative branch is unable to perform its function ???? If leg cannot perform function, the syetm is broken, Politicians spend more resources on elections than making policy Therefore: (Argscheme: Modus Ponens) The US political system stagnates legislation, The following states have recently been involved in efforts to restrict modern gerrymandering: *Florida- 2011 state laws changed to specify guilines to redrawing *Texas- 2006 issue brought to U.S. Supreme Court and was deafeated- politcal redrawing was not unconstitutional *North Carolina- 10 cases in the 1990 all claiming racial gerrymandering and lacked respect for communities of interest ???? If any state has recently been involved in efforts to restrict modern gerrymandering, then it is still being practiced, even though it is illegal, ???? ???? 9/11- Bin laden and al- queda are products of US policy, current federal law is not adequate to prevent gerrymandering without citizen protest ???? if current federal law is not adequate to prevent gerrymandering without citizen protest, and if redrawing can disenfrancize voters then redistricting can be used as a political tool to win elections, No federal enformentment mechanism ???? current federal law is not adequate to prevent gerrymandering without citizen protest, Pork barrel, or non-merit based appropriations are common practice within the US political system Therefore: (Argscheme: Modus Ponens) The US political system is ineffcient