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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Bacteriology 1 Struct-Class-Replication, Gram negative bacteria distinguishing characteristic of Gram - bacteria periplasmic space, Gram + bacteria distinguishing characteristics of Gram + bacteria teichoic acid, Gram + bacteria distinguishing characteristics of Gram + bacteria thick peptidoglycan layer, bacteria reproduce via fission, Gram + bacteria distinguishing characteristics of Gram + bacteria lipoteichoic acid, teichoic acid linked w/lipid lipoteichoic acid, LPS common components core polysaccharide, some bacteria surrounded by capsules: loose polysaccharide or protein layers, LPS act as an endotoxin, called slime layer also called glycocalyx, LPS distinguishing, varying component O antigen, LPS common components lipid A, released in cell lysis, penicillin targets transpeptidases, capsules: loose polysaccharide or protein layers if loosely adherent and nonuniform density called slime layer, teichoic acid provides structural rigidity, transpeptidases catalyze peptioglycan cross-link synthesis, capsules: loose polysaccharide or protein layers also called glycocalyx, endotoxin systemic manifestations include activation of complement system release of cytokines leukocytosis thromobocytopenia disseminated intravascular coagulation fever decreased peripheral circulation shock death, some bacteria have cell wall, Q: Why do lysozymes kill Gram + but not Gram - bacteria? ans Zandi: Lysozyme breaks specifically the1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D- glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan. Core oligo saccharide and O antigen of LPS consist of different sugars and linkages. In fact in E. coli, there are more than 160 different O antigens with different sugars! Also, loss of the O antigen in LPS would not be very detrimental to bacteria, even if lysozyme would break the O antigen of LPS! In fact many gram negative bacteria shed the O antigen in the host! Hope this is helpful.