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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: matt reducing emissions p2, CO2 levels in the atmosphere have been rising at an increasing rate since the industrial revolution. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) If CO2 levels in the atmosphere rise this will increase the global temperature., The Kyoto Protocol is ineffective therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The US will not ratify it or undertake any binding international mitigation commitment., Some high emitters are poor we have assigned greater weight to capacity Argu Scheme: Modus Ponens RCI= R^1 *C^b we combine the measures of Responsibility and capacity., There has been adverse effects on the ecosystem such as glacier melt. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) A Greenhouse Development Rights framework is being developed so there is an emissions budget., Other measures must be taken to reduce emisions therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Other measures must be taken to reduce emisions therefore, A second commitment period from 2013-2015 could be adopted to allow countries to an agreement., A country will always have obligation propotional to the capacity and responsibility of the fraction of its population Argu Scheme: Constructive Dilema Contribution to the remaining stock of GHGs in the atmosphere, Managing greenhouse emissions can be expensive. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Managing greenhouse emissions can be expensive, therefore developing nations who don't have extra money don't manage greenhouse emissions., Greenhouse gas emissions are harmful to the environment therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) Since greenhouse gas emissions are harmful to the environment the international community must take action to help the planet., A second commitment period from 2013-2015 could be adopted to allow countries to come to an agreement. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) A second commitment period from 2013-2015 could be adopted to allow countries to come to an agreement, therefore the GDR Framwork is an agreemnt which could be adopted by all countries., A Greenhouse Development Rights framework is being developed so there is an emissions budget. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The GDR will be based on capacity and responsibility so that negotiations between nations can take place., A country will always have obligation propotional to the capacity and responsibility of the fraction of its population Argu Scheme: Constructive Dilema The second component into the calculation of obligations in GDRs framework is 'responsibility,, we calculate obligation on the basis of the distribution of income and emissions within countries Argu Scheme: Modus Ponens Setting the threshold in one place or another doesn't affect whether countries as a whole are above or below, It is fairer for rich countries with low emissions to pay more Argu Scheme Modus Ponens We show the total "bill" a country would receive and the percentage of people in each country who are over the "threshold" per capital income, The GDR will be based on capacity and responsibility so that negotiations between nations can take place. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The greatest burden will be on wealthy countries while preserving for poor countries the means to achieve sufficiency., There has been adverse effects on the ecosystem such as glacier melt. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) If there has been an adverse effect on the ecosystem then a Greenhouse Development Rights framework must be developed so there is an emissions budget., CO2 levels in the atmosphere have been rising at an increasing rate since the industrial revolution. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The global temperature has started to increase., The global temperature has started to increase. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) There has been adverse effects on the ecosystem such as glacier melt., Individuals in emission reducing countries can not equally share the cost of reducing these emissions. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) The GDR Framework provdies allowences to ensure that the less forturnate in a country are not overly burdened by the cost of emission reductions., The Protocol does not directly address the large and growing aggregate emissions of rapidly industrializing countries such as China and India. therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) If the Protocol does not directly address the large and growing aggregate emissions of rapidly industrializing countries such as China and India then the Kyoto Protocol is ineffective, Only those over the threshold actually pay the tax Argu Scheme Modus Ponens The obligations are larger than the US's total current emissions; in effect a negative permit allocation