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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Huiying_extinction-of-species, "shaking off anthropocentrism entails" that "human activities in utilizing nature should not cause" the extinc- tion of those natural species that are "in- dispensable to the ecological equilibrium in the world" or some region of it back to "shaking off anthropocentrism", "In our opinion," shaking off anthropocentrism does not mean "asking people to give up their interests and needs and to willingly sacrifice themselves for the sake of other species." It means, however, "that people should take into account eco- logical equilibrium in nature and the harmony between nature and human existence while they are pursuing their interests and needs." (19) supports "It should be specifically noted that nature’s rights in environ- mental ethics do not mean that depriving the existence of an individual life within a natural species constitutes a violation of nature’s rights." (20), "a deprivation of a species’ rights occurs when the crisis caused by depriving the existence of a species causes ecological im- balance and disequili- brium in the world or in some region and the existence of such species is indispensable to the ecological equili- brium in the world or in such region." therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) "shaking off anthropocentrism entails" that "human activities in utilizing nature should not cause" the extinc- tion of those natural species that are "in- dispensable to the ecological equilibrium in the world" or some region of it, whatever Leopold says is true therefore (ArgScheme: argument from perfect authority) "all natural substances have inherent rights to existence according to the law of ecology and to being respected by human beings for such.", "all natural substances have inherent rights to existence according to the law of ecology and to being respected by human beings for such." leads to two possible interpretations "all natural substances have inherent rights to existence" can either mean that individual natural beings have such a right or natural species, "It should be specifically noted that nature’s rights in environ- mental ethics do not mean that depriving the existence of an individual life within a natural species constitutes a violation of nature’s rights." (20) therefore (ArgScheme: disjunctive syllogism) natural species "have inherent rights to existence", "In 1949, Aldo Leopold, one of the founders of environmental ethics, proposed for the first time that rights should be extended from human beings to all other substances and processes in nature." therefore (ArgScheme: argument from perfect authority) "all natural substances have inherent rights to existence according to the law of ecology and to being respected by human beings for such.", natural species "have inherent rights to existence" therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) "shaking off anthropocentrism entails" that "human activities in utilizing nature should not cause" the extinc- tion of those natural species that are "in- dispensable to the ecological equilibrium in the world" or some region of it, "all natural substances have inherent rights to existence" can either mean that individual natural beings have such a right or natural species therefore (ArgScheme: disjunctive syllogism) natural species "have inherent rights to existence", if natural species "have inherent rights to existence," and if "a deprivation of a species’ rights occurs when the crisis caused by depriving the existence of a species causes ecological im- balance and disequili- brium in the world or in some region," then "shaking off anthropo- centrism entails" that "human activities in utilizing nature should not cause" the extinc- tion of those natural species that are "in- dispensable to the ecological equilibrium in the world or in such region." therefore (ArgScheme: modus ponens) "shaking off anthropocentrism entails" that "human activities in utilizing nature should not cause" the extinc- tion of those natural species that are "in- dispensable to the ecological equilibrium in the world" or some region of it