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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Themeda Fire Test, STATE I Healthy grassland High species diversity and structural heterogeneity Low intensity grazing STATE III Degraded grassland more diverse and better structure than over-grazed grassland, Biomass removal gap creation allows Resprouting Themeda recruitment of inter- tussock species, Resprouting Themeda recruitment of inter- tussock species produces STATE I Healthy grassland High species diversity and structural heterogeneity, Biomass increasing Themeda tussocks take up inter-tussock spaces FIRE Biomass removal gap creation, STATE III Degraded grassland more diverse and better structure than over-grazed grassland Grazing removed STATE I Healthy grassland High species diversity and structural heterogeneity, STATE IV Degraded grassland low biodiversiy, degraded soil stucture, annual exotics dominate reduce grazing pressure STATE III Degraded grassland more diverse and better structure than over-grazed grassland, Spring burn before weed species have set seed too late in season for further establishment reduces Abundance of exotic annual grasses, STATE I Healthy grassland High species diversity and structural heterogeneity fire supression Biomass increasing, Manipulate ecological conditions and processes ???? Carbon addition, Autumn burn ???? Marked flush of weed species after single autumn, Abundance of exotic annual grasses addition of themeda seeds Exotics replaced by Themeda and other key species, Spring burn before weed species have set seed too late in season for further establishment enhances Establishment of key species, STATE I Healthy grassland High species diversity and structural heterogeneity High intensity grazing STATE IV Degraded grassland low biodiversiy, degraded soil stucture, annual exotics dominate, Seed bank manipulation seed addition Resprouting Themeda recruitment of inter- tussock species, Spring burn before weed species have set seed too late in season for further establishment no impact on perennial exotics or dicot. exotic annuals, restore ecological processes favours Target species composition, Biomass increasing Themeda tussocks take up inter-tussock spaces fire supression > 5 years Themeda litter smothers Themeda tussocks, STATE IV Degraded grassland low biodiversiy, degraded soil stucture, annual exotics dominate ???? Spring burn before weed species have set seed too late in season for further establishment, Themeda litter smothers Themeda tussocks FIRE Biomass removal gap creation, Biomass increasing fire supression Biomass increasing Themeda tussocks take up inter-tussock spaces