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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Leaf Structure 12-8, upper epidermis has a thick waxy cuticle, upper epidermis fewer stomata than lower epidermis stomata, palisade layer thin cell wall for light penetration rapid diffusion of gases main site of photosynthesis, lower epidermis abundant stomata stomata, spongy layer below palisade layer, spongy layer function carry out photosynthesis, upper epidermis transparent allow light to penetrate & focus on mesophyll, lower epidermis function protect inner region of leaves, spongy layer loosely pack irregular shaped cells, palisade layer abundant chloroplasts, stomata function regulate gaseous exchange and water loss from leaves, palisade layer below upper epidermis, stomata connected to air spaces for rapid difusion of oxygen & carbon dioxide in & out of leaves, lower epidermis below spongy layer, upper epidermis is covered by waxy cuticle, lower epidermis has a thinner waxy cuticle, spongy layer fewer chloroplasts, spongy layer large intercelluar space, waxy cuticle function protect leaves prevent too much evaporation, upper epidermis is one cell thick