Learning Objectives Updated 1) Understand the pathologic mechanisms of the 3 Hypotheses: Joint malformation, joint laxity, and inflammation. 2) Learn what normal Range of motion is and how to test. 3) Learn what a positive Ortalani sign is. 4) Review pelvic radiograph interpretation. 5) Investigate any diseases that would cause joint malformation. 6) Investigate treatments for joint laxity. 7) Identify implications of hip dysplasia and how to treat it. 8) Research prognosis of hip dysplasia.