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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: LAS GROUP A LAB 2, Gait assessment questions to ask.. What is the response to nerve blocks and treatment?, Foot related injuries examples Hoof wall cracks, PROGNOSIS & TREATMENT related to Other conditions associated with Equine lameness, LAMENESS EXAM consists of: PATIENT DATA Breed Age Sex Use Duration of ownership Management: exercise, shoeing, feeding, Laminitis induced lameness What is laminitis? Equine laminitis occurs when there is failure of attachment of the epidermal laminae connected to the hoof wall from the dermal laminae attached to the distal phalanx (pedal/coffin bone). Because the laminae are responsible for suspending the distal phalanx within the hoof wall, laminar failure in combination with the downward forces of the weight of the horse and distracting forces such as the tension from the DDFT, commonly results in displacement of the distal phalanx, resulting in severe lameness., DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Diagnostic Local Anaesthesia related to Nerve and Joint Blocks. Perineural Nerve Block Techniques, LAMENESS EXAM consists of: DISTANCE EXAM & PHYSICAL EXAM Examination at a distance/Hands off - General Inspection First observe the horse from a distance. Observe the horse from the front, behind, and both sides to look for muscular asymmetry. If the horse is sore, noticeable changes at rest might include not standing squarely, e.g., feet positioned in front of or behind the spot that would be perpendicular to the ground; preferentially resting a limb; and weight shifts. Make note of which limb the horse appears to be lame in, as this would influence the diagnostic procedure. Physical Examination/Hands on - Detailed examination Palpate: Palpate the horse's muscles (limb) for tone. If muscle tension/hardness or sensitivity to touch is found, carefully note the location. Next, carefully check the full length of each leg for any heat or unusual swelling, comparing it to the opposite side. Also note any unusual prominence to the veins from side to side, which often indicates inflammation. Manipulation and examination of the feet: Pick up the limb to inspect the sole and frog, check hoof wall temperature, and compare the hoof temperature to the rest of the leg. Each joint should be gently and gradually flexed, looking for any sign of pain or any reduced range of joint movement. Hoof testers (pliers with large, rounded jaws) are used to check for hoof sensitivity. The superficial solar horn can be removed to examine the sole. Conditions such as sole abscesses, laminitis, or a stone bruise may be observed when examining the hoof., Joint blocks Types Stifle Joint block, Forelimb and Hindlimb Types of forelimb and hindlimb intrasynovial blocks Navicular bursa Block, Gait assessment questions to ask.. Severity, PROGNOSIS & TREATMENT related to Laminitis induced lameness, Bupivicaine HCl 0.5% include Lidocaine HCl 2%, Forelimb and Hindlimb Types of forelimb and hindlimb intrasynovial blocks Tendon Sheath Block, DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Diagnostic Local Anaesthesia related to Nerve and Joint Blocks. Examples of the drugs, Some causes of equine lameness include: diseases and injuries such as: Degenerative diseases, EQUINE LAMENESS involves DIAGNOSTIC TESTS, Some causes of equine lameness include: diseases and injuries such as: Limb deformities, Arthritis types Osselets, Foot related injuries examples Foot wounds, EQUINE LAMENESS is An abnormal stance or gait caused by either a structural or a functional disorder of the locomotor system. The horse is either unwilling or unable to stand or move normally. Lameness is the most common cause of loss of use in horses. It can be caused by trauma, congenital or acquired disorders, infection, metabolic disorders, or nervous and circulatory system disease. Lameness is not considered a disease but a clinical sign. It is a manifestation of pain, mechanical restrictions causing alteration of stance or gait, or neuromuscular disease.