Hypothesis One: Trauma Trauma is a likely cause of the lameness as the owner suspected that the foal was stepped on by the mother. Being a very young foal, and underfoot a great deal this could easily happen. I would want to know if this is the mare's first foal or not indicating her experience as a mother. Also some information about the birth process itself would be useful. This may tell us if the foal could have injured himself in a dystocia or not. If the mare and foal have been turned out or had access to other horses in the small herd, then the foal could have been kicked or stepped on by the other horses. If the foal had attempted to nurse another mare or had been sleeping in the pasture, when the other horses decided to run around it could have been injured. If the foal had been stepped on in the fetlock joint, there could be a fracture of the bone, a stress on the joint or simply inflammation and pain due to the pressure. Bones affected could be the sesamoids (proximal or distal), Metatrasal three (cannon bone), or P1 (long pastern). I also would like to know how long the foal has been lame, indicating how long the pain and swelling has been present. If there was a small fracture, soft tissue inflammation and swelling would be likely sequela as the bone rubbed against tissues not usually encountered. Also tendons and nerves could be affected primarily or secondarily leading to pain and lameness. The pitting edema could be caused by a tendonitis causing vascular disturbances and hemorrhage. The tendonitis could be caused by an irritation of the tendon as a fracture caused friction of the tendon. The likely tendons affected would be the flexor tendons either superficial or deep as the foal is toe touching. This rather eliminates the suspensory as a problem.